Persuasive Research Paper on effects of ADHD on Children Essay

Enticing Research Paper on impacts of ADHD on Children - Essay Example To begin with, the Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is in reality an illness which is connected with neurobiology. There has been some exploration that recommends the side effects of ADD as being planted graciousness a concoction awkwardness inside the cerebrum. Having said that, with ADD there is a slip-up in the idiosyncrasy that the cerebrum runs the synapse creation just as the inevitable stockpiling at various occasions in this way causing for particular irregular characteristics. [Television] There have been reports that the same number of as about 80 percent of ADD cases occur because of the aftereffect of hereditary qualities while the remaining are caused because of various poisons, injury just as ailments which are acquired to the entire condition during the pregnancy organizes just as conveyance of the infant. Likewise this could occur because of poor child rearing issues, residential difficulties, poor educators or potentially schools just as watching a great deal of TV. In this way it is noteworthy to assess every last one of the understanding related with ADD as it is a genuine inability which generally hampers the different parts of an individual, regardless of the way that it doesn't ruin with the debilitating Attention Deficit Disorder. The differentiation between the Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and that of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) hails from the way that they are two separate phrasings to begin with. The equivalent could be so befuddling for pretty much anybody related with it in one manner or the other. To recommend a legitimate pathway, the approved clinical finding is surely the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder which is spoken to by ADHD. To push further forward, ADHD is decreased into various arranged subtypes which basically contain the negligent kind, joined sort just as the hyperactive drive type. There are various individuals who use ADD as a general name and order for a wide range of ADHD. Anyway with the progression of time, ADD has

Mark Twain And Herman Melville Essays - Sagebrush School, Lecturers

Imprint Twain and Herman Melville The reason for this exploration paper is to look into between Mark Twain and Herman Melville, investigating their experiences, composing styles, and their composing procedures. In this paper, an intensive gander at their past will be taken. It is significant that the past of their lives will be taken a gander at in light of the fact that then their works became. Their past portrays how their accounts came to fruition. Thoroughly understanding their lives, one would know why their accounts resemble what they are, To start with, Mark Twain will be taken a gander at. Imprint Twain was conceived on November 30th, 1835, in the practically imperceptible town of Florida, Monroe County, Missouri. The town contained one hundred individuals, however step by step developed. Imprint Twain is a nom de plume Samuel Longhorn Clemens. Imprint Twain became well known overall extremely from the get-go in his vocation. He was an acclaimed creator, instructor, comedian, and a humorists. The vast majority of his thoughts for his accounts came to fruition through his encounters and perceptions from his youth, which he changed into a portion of his renowned stories. After the passing of Mark Twain, his works turned out to be much increasingly well known. Several creator helped him and his expanding distinction. The two creators were Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. Imprint Twain begins working out at a paper as a child. Twain had begun work after the demise of his dad in I857. He began recorded as a hard copy, and in the wake of coming acquainted with a printer, he before long joined his sibling Orion's Hannibal 6 Diary. Working at his sibling's organization, he before long began providing duplicate and getting comfortable with a great part of the wilderness funniness of the time, Some models are George W. Harris' Sut Lovingood Yarns and different works of alleged Southwestem Humorists. At the point when he was growing up he was affected by a wide range of works.

actual conversations i have definitely had with freshmen during orientation

actual conversations i have definitely had with freshmen during orientation FROSH: where do you live? ME: east campus! i love it a lot, actually, theres so many cool FROSH: isnt that the you know clothing optional dorm? ME: FROSH: seems kinda dirty too ME: FROSH: i mean the roller coasters pretty cool FROSH: but i would never live there FROSH: because FROSH: you know ME: yes ME: we are always naked and none of us shower ever ME: beware ME: resistance is futile * * * ME: hi im allan ME: hows it going FROSH: cool ME: cool ME: have i told you about my a cappella group yet * * * FROSH: is this east campus ME: no its fred FROSH: but ME: fred * * * FROSH: so where do you live? ME: east campus FROSH: oh cool!!!!! wow east campus is so cool and i cant believe this roller coaster and wow ME: omg yeah i know right?? FROSH: what hall do you live on? ME: 5th west FROSH: oh i dont know anything about 5w ME: we have a lot of cats * * * ME: hey do you like singing FROSH: yeah i guess ME: have you thought about joining an a cappella group FROSH: uh ME: specifically mine FROSH: well ME: you should come to auditions ME: no experience required ME: were definitely not a cult * * * ME: so where are you from FROSH: minnesota FRIEND FROM MINNESOTA: omg omg FRIEND FROM MINNESOTA: im from minnesota FRIEND FROM MINNESOTA: where in minnesota are you from FRIEND FROM MINNESOTA: what high school did you go to FRIEND FROM MINNESOTA: do you know katie FRIEND FROM MINNESOTA: katies also from minnesota * * * ME: so whats up FROSH: just waiting for a burger ME: yeah those burgers are pretty good FROSH: yeah i havent eaten anything else today FROSH: this is my fifth ME: child FROSH: i felt bad for not eating vegetables ME: good FROSH: so im switching off between meat burgers and veggie burgers ME: child FROSH: i love east campus ME: ME: yeah me too * * * ME: [walking somewhere at night] GROUP OF FROSH: [whispering] ME: need help? GROUP OF FROSH: ME: GROUP OF FROSH: ME: ME: orange tours are that way * * * ME: so hows orientation going FROSH: good ME: you guys go to thatorientation thingyet? FROSH: no we skipped it * * * ME: are you going to the activities midway FROSH: uh ME: the thing with all the clubs FROSH: oh yeah ME: cool what things are you gonna check out FROSH: well i was looking at the a cappella groups ME: omg FROSH: there are so many wtf ME: yeah theres eleven FROSH: weird FROSH: anyway i was just gonna check out the logs they seem really cool ME: ok ME: but have you considered auditioning for other groups too FROSH: well ME: specifically mine ME: the toons FROSH: whats like FROSH: your thing ME: what FROSH: like what do you sing ME: music * * * FROSH: so what do you major in ME: aerospace engineering FROSH: oh wow FROSH: so do you like planes ME: no * * * FROSH: hey ME: hey FROSH: can i have my hair dyed ME: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! FROSH: . ME: yes of course ME: welcome to east campus ME: come ME: let me take you to shallow goodale ME: the best salon in boston ME: open 24/7 ME: for all your dyeing needs ME: find us on yelp ME: we do haircuts too * * * FROSH: so what do you major in ME: comparative media studies FROSH: oh cool ME: yeah FROSH: what is that * * * FROSH: wait are you a blogger ME: some have called me that FROSH: yeah youre allan k right ME: that is me FROSH: wow ME: wow FROSH: i liked your post aboutlikethe thing ME: thanks FROSH: do you know selam ME: omg yes FROSH: omg shes so cool i read all her posts FROSH: also lydia FROSH: i love them FROSH: theyre why i applied to mit ME: i know right??? * * * FROSH: so what year are you ME: im a senior FROSH: oh wow FROSH: so youre probably pretty jaded huh ME: uh FROSH: you just have that look ME: excuse me FROSH: youre probably just here to feed on our youthful energy ME: FROSH: before you crawl back into your den FROSH: to cry about your future ME: ME: ME: ME: so hey do you like singing * * * FROSH: so whats the november rule * * * ME: so where are you temped FROSH: one of the frats ME: oh cool FROSH: are you in a frat ME: no ME: ME: well im in the toons ME: ME: were more of a sorority though * * * ME: hows it going FROSH: ME: FROSH: ME: FROSH: ME: ok cool good talk ME: see you around i guess * * * FROSH: so what are all the course numbers anyway ME: oh ME: well course 1 is civil and environmental engineering ME: course 2 is mechanical ME: course 3 is materials science ME: course 4 is architecture theyre really hardcore ME: course 5 is chemistry ME: course 6 FROSH: oh yeah i know what course 6 is ME: of course you do * * * ME: in french they dont say roller coasters they say montagnes russes which means russian mountains and i think thats beautiful Post Tagged #a cappella #CMS - Comparative Media Studies #Course 16 - Aerospace Engineering #East Campus #fraternities #Freshman Orientation #MIT Logarythms #Sororities #Wellesley-MIT Toons #Wellesley-MIT Toons

Silver Lining for the Admission Process. I’m in!

For a long time both parents and would-be students have been complaining about the inhumanity and unfairness of college admission process. It is too much, they say. Colleges are too concentrated on results and personal achievement and don’t pay nearly enough attention to kindness, good citizenship and authenticity of each particular student. They expect applicants to spend all their time studying, working, volunteering and taking part in extracurricular activities, without any respect to how students themselves want to spend their time and how they can contribute to their families and communities other than being good specialists in their chosen fields. Flexibility in Admission Process And it seems that this point of view has finally managed to get through to the ruling bodies of many prominent universities, including Harvard and Yale. The new trend, it seems, would be ‘flexibility’ – that is, admission committees are encouraged to concentrate not on how successful, efficient and result-oriented a particular student is, but on other things: good citizenship, personal responsibility, civic engagement, contributions to family life, importance of authenticity and a number of other more vaguely defined concepts. Importance of Students’ Household Chores In practical terms, it is going to alleviate the overall pressure on the students on the one hand and somewhat rectify the current situation of favoring students from more affluent background when it comes to evaluating their achievements. Students who cannot afford to volunteer to high-profile causes due to the lack of funds or the need to support their families either by working or taking some household chores off the hand of their parents and siblings will get an opportunity to mention these activities and expect them to be taken into account. Yale, for example, is going to introduce an additional essay question concentrating on students’ engagement with and contributions to their families, communities and public good. Smaller List of Achievements In the long run, these novelties are expected to have great number of varying positive effects. Firstly, they are going to decrease the stress levels in students preparing for application. This is done by sending a message that a long list of achievements is no longer going to increase the student’s chances of admission. For example, it can be done by limiting the blank spaces so that they can only accommodate no more than four or even two activities. As a result, students will no longer have a reason to fill their time with various different activities to the bursting point and there will be no opportunity for them to stand out of the crowd by means of overworking themselves. Another idea that occupies an important place in this project is the decrease in importance of standardized testing. A number of colleges have already made steps in this direction by making SATs and ACTs optional, but hopefully it is just a beginning of something bigger. All in all, one can say with certainty that we are in for some fascinating changes in educational system due to these alterations of admissions process. And it won’t be long for us to see the results.

The Bill Of Rights The Rights Of All American Citizens

The Bill of Rights is a written document that contains the first ten amendments of the U.S constitution. This historic document was created to provide security for the rights of individuals. The Bill of Rights was written by James Madison in December 15, 1791 and was officially put into effect in March 1st, 1792. The Bill of Rights consists of ten amendments, which protects the natural rights of all American citizens. A major variety of these ten amendments helps assure the protection of some aspects that contribute to our daily lives. One amendment that stands out is the 8th Amendment: â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This amendment provides American†¦show more content†¦As Gandhi once said â€Å"An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind. Others claim that the death penalty should be allowed because it’s only justice if the murderer gets punished for his crime. Many don’t consider it fair that a murderer should get off easy even after taking a human’s life. People believe that letting criminals â€Å"off the hook easy† sends a bad message that the criminal’s life is worth more than the victim’s life. Side A: When it comes to the raging topic of the death penalty there will always be two sides, those who are anti- death penalty and those others who are pro- death penalty. Those who are anti- penalty argue that there are multifarious reasons why the death penalty should be abolished. According to CNN, the United States is one of the top six countries in the nation with most executions. Over the past 40 past years, executions in the U.S have increased drastically. The increase of the death penalty is due to lack of proper consideration for human morality and actual value of life. If we succumb to the notion of death being the right way to about dealing with criminals doesn’t that make us just as bad as them. Where’s the humanity in that. There’s been times in history where people don’t really get punished for their horrific actions. However, the judge of the court case decides that their not guilty enough for the death penalty. In the year 2002, there was two par ents and an uncle who

Autobiography Free Essays

Inspirations come from many avenues. My inspiration came when I was 16 years old in the form of a 3 pound baby boy measuring the length of a ruler. Being a young adolescent myself, this was a very trying time for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Autobiography or any similar topic only for you Order Now My son was born almost three months early and could very easily have not survived. The birth of my first child is what changed my life forever and shaped me into the person I am today. At the age of seventeen I was attending high school, being a mother to my son, and working away from home as a waitress; all the while missing my little boy beyond words. I knew right then what I wanted to do with my life. I wanted to watch my son grow. I wanted to not only be his mother but also his teacher. As my life moved forward my family grew. I was lucky enough to have the privilege to stay at home with my children. During this time I decided that caring for children and helping them grow was what I wanted to do. I started doing child care for a few of my friend’s children and absolutely fell in love with it. This is what I have always done and is something that has always come completely natural to me. Being responsible for a child’s growth while watching them learn and mature right before my eyes is an amazing feeling and a blessing. My children are now all in school full time which has me feeling ready to share the passion I have in caring for, nurturing, and teaching children with others. After I complete my CDA coursework my goal is to become a preschool teacher. I feel with current education with child development and the love I have for watching children’s developmental growth this will be a great future for me. How to cite Autobiography, Papers

Music And Censorship Essays (1899 words) - , Term Papers

Music And Censorship In our society today, some musicians and their music drain and plague the moral and spiritual well-being of the people; therefore, censorship offers a necessary action that we must take to keep the world from becoming a land of decadence. The musicians lives are not examples for the children or the adults. The lyrics of many songs are not suitable for anyone. All types of music need some kind of censorship. Censorship makes a person realize that music is good for the heart. Censorship totally makes people act better, and when thinking better, this sustains a better society. The lives of some musicians contain types of anarchy and self-gratification. Once the musicians realize that people want not just their music but them as well, they act as gods, which no one can touch. For example, think of it like a secret dictatorship, and we breathe as a fascist society, which puts fun and feelings above the Lord, above all. Many of the musicians consist of non-religious people who live only for fun and only for themselves. Why then would we, especially as Christians, put our total devotion in them? It exists like wanting to ride with a blind driver rather than one with perfect vision. In addition many of the musicians use drugs and stimulants to satisfy their hunger for themselves and for pure fun. The musicians tend to use drugs massively, to get out of the very real world that they consist so much a part of. Popularity seems pleasing but when one has the affections and total devotion of a mass of people, that person can not handle it because that person does not have Jesus' personality and only He could truly control that much fidelity. One person who truly could not handle the excitement was Jimi Hendrix(Appendix A). Instead of performing as himself and using his talent for good, he used rebellion and used many drugs. On stage, Jimi Hendrix would put hits of acid in his headband. When he perspired, the sweat, containing acid would run down into his eyes and make him higher than a kite. Most people never actually saw Jimi Hendrix the person, but a blurred vision of him. When Jimi performed on stage at Woodstock(Appendix B and C), a man from the crowd asked him, Jimi are you high? He simply replied back to the man, Thanks man I got mine, causing the crowd to act wild almost as if he had saved someone's life, but ironically he unintentionally destroyed their lives. In addition Bob Dylan(Appendix D and E) also talked about getting stoned in some of his music. The song Rainy Day Woman #12 and #13, blatantly says that everybody must get stoned. That tells people to disobey the law and tells people to mangle the temple of God, our bodies by perverting it with drugs and stimulants. Many musicians make a mockery of their fans. The lead singers subsist to do this the most because of the vocal opportunities they have to express their discontent with life and thrust their ideas upon those who hypnotize with the musician's power position, thus, makes the listeners obey their thoughts without fully knowing. The lead singer Billie Jo, for Green Day, says to his fans, I'm not going to say anything f****** intelligent, I'm just going too swear a whole d*** lot. The Bible tells us that we should let everything that comes out of our mouth praise Him, and swearing for any reason doesn't really praise Him at all and is degrading for us as well. Almost like if he did not swear than we wouldn't like him or understand him. In addition the lead singer for Kiss would spit on his fans. He would get the crowd to spit in a spittoon-type container, and by the end of the concert, he would drink the saliva and then he would use what dwelled left in the spittoon to spit on the crowd. This creates a bad influence on anybody and makes a person believe that it justifies him to do these actions because he dwells on stage, which totally in fact creates wrong, and not right. The band would also wear face paint and look like demons of some sort.

iPod essays

iPod essays Who would of thought that such a small device could have such a huge impact on our society? Apples iPod wasnt the first MP3 player out on the market for consumers, but it continues to be one of the largest selling portable music machines to date. What started as a trend with very limited popularity is now booming with success. This stylish piece of hardware has over 3 million owners worldwide and is still growing rapidly today. Its hard to believe that something so simple in design could not only be so popular, but a cultural icon as well. The iPod share a little under half of all the units sold in the U.S., that means that while fifty-one percent of profits are going to other digital music players, the rest of the market is buying the iPod. Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple, laughs at the sight of huge groups wearing white headphones. And why not? By the year 2008, the projected sales of portable digital players are slated to rise almost three times more than they are now. One of the most appealing aspects of the iPod would have to be its size. Weighing in at around 5.6 ounces, who could resist the portable tunes holder that can carry almost ten thousand songs. The device itself is no bigger than a deck of playing cards, so its not hard to see how theyve become so popular. The iPod had changed the way we share and listen to music in a big way. I can still remember only being able to chose one disc to play when listening to my cd player. It was such a hassle to keep switching compact discs back and forth when you wanted to listen to a specific song. Now, Apple has made it as easy as the push of a button. You have the choice of thousands of songs at your fingertips. From hip-hop, pop, punk, rock and many others, owners are able to download any genre that they want. And with Apples iTunes program for both the PC and Mac computers, users can download their favorite songs for about a dollar per song. ...

Your Guide through the Receptionist Interview Maze

Your Guide through the Receptionist Interview Maze Are you on the hunt for the perfect receptionist position? Finding the ultra-competitive job search jungle a bit daunting? Best-Job-Interview.com helps you catapult to the front of the interview pack with an inside look at the sort of questions you can expect on the big day.Your potential next boss will want to know if you have the experience to hit the ground running and start making his or her office run smoothly and efficiently from day one. Expect to hear the following questions: â€Å"What were your primary responsibilities?,† â€Å"How many calls did you take on an average day in your last job?,† â€Å"What sort of people did you interact with on a daily basis?,† and â€Å"What sort of inquiries did you have to handle?†They’ll also want to know if your receptionist skills are top notch, so be ready for the following sorts of questions as well: â€Å"What are the most important skills for a receptionist?† and â€Å"What computer skills do you have?†Great receptionists can always think fast on their feet, multi-task like champs, and come up with effective strategies for handling any situation. Therefore, expect interview questions designed to task your on-the-job behavior and ability to think fast when it’s needed: â€Å"Tell me about a recent situation where you had to handle a difficult customer?,† â€Å"Describe how you organize your tasks for the day?,† â€Å"Tell me about a tough problem you had to sort out recently,† and â€Å"Can you give me an example of where you used your initiative in your previous job?†Beyond a great receptionist background and stellar skills, potential employers will want to know if they’re hiring someone with a motivated and positive work attitude and ethic. After all, receptionists are typically the face of the organizations they work for and have to work with every department and person in the office. Be prepared to hear the following questions on the day of your interview: â€Å"Why do you want to work as a receptionist for this company?† and â€Å"What do you like and dislike about working as a receptionist?†Now that you know the sort of questions you should expect when you’re on an interview you should invest some time leveraging your experience and skill set to craft the perfect responses to dazzle potential employers. Forewarned is forearmed!

Abortion controversy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion controversy - Essay Example On the other hand, abortion that is recommended by the physician is usually meant to save the pregnant woman from the dangers she might be exposed to as a result of the pregnancy. In the philosophical perspective, abortion is evaluated on the moral status of the fetus. Despite the fetus having a moral right to life, it develops in the body of another person and therefore infringes the rights of that person to be free, especially in cases of pregnancy complications. Nevertheless, the fetus does not force itself in the womb. Rather, it develops through a conscious sexual act and therefore has a right to develop inside the body. These arguments generate controversy with regard to the right of a woman for self-determination. Some people support abortion on the basis of health and individual rights, others do not support on moral grounds and religion. In some countries such as the US, abortion is legal while in others especially in the Muslim society, it is illegal. Arguments for Abortion (Example US and UK) The US Supreme Court allowed abortion in 1973 on the bases that a woman has a right to self-determination. It is upon the discretion of the mother to decide whether to carry out an abortion or not. The American culture respects the rights of individuals as rational beings that are able to make rational decisions. For example, it is not considered to an abomination for a woman to terminate an unwanted pregnancy that hampers her productivity in the society (Austin 12). The Abortion Act of 1967 legalized abortion in the UK. It stated that if the abortion is recommended by a medical practitioner in good faith, then it is legal. Although amendments have been made to specify the gestation ceiling at which abortion can be procured, greater reference is made to the law developed in 1967. The UK culture has mixed opinions regarding abortion. However, pro-abortion has an upper hand and some abortion clinics even advertise on television and print media. Most of the familie s in the UK and the US are okay with abortion, and it is mostly left for the woman to decide whether to complete or terminate the pregnancy (Berglund 6). Arguments against Abortion (Example Iran) From a moral stand point, abortion is an unacceptable practice since it terminates the life of a fetus thereby denying it the right to live, considering that if allowed to grow it will develop in to a human being just like the mother and father. It is a practice that should be illegal in Iran where it is currently restricted by the law. In 2005, a bill was passed to legalize abortion on the basis of fetal abnormalities or if it endangers the life of the mother. The mother’s consent with the approval of three registered physicians is enough to secure approval by a legal medicine center. However, the law requires the legal abortion to be procured before 19 weeks of gestation (Mohammad & Masoumeh 191). Kant’s Deontology Theory Kant’s deontology theory portrays good will as a significant component of people’s actions. According to this theory, the reason why people act in a particular manner substantiates whether an individual’s action has moral worth. He observes that there is a notable distinction between actions that are morally right and morally wrong. According to this theory, abortion that is procured through good will is morally right. For example, morally good actions include a situation whereby a qualified physician recommends an abortion to protect the life of the mother (Strawson 27). On the other hand, a mother who procures an abortion to enable her to undertake greater tasks in the workplace or to look better is in pursuit of personal interests at the expense of the

Child labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Child labor - Essay Example Child labor is such an epidemic that has taken its toll in almost every society of the world with varying degrees of severity and figures. 2. Child Labor International Trade Union Confederation defined child labor as any work that hinders in the development of the true potential, acquisition of dignity and that may obscure the physical and mental growth of a child (1). There exist many types of child labors across the world; agricultural work, industrial work, lifting goods etc. International Labor Office Geneva provided the figures that around 211 million children were known to be employed in full time child labor jobs in the year 2000. According to International Trade Union Confederation, every individual under the age of 18 is considered to be a child, however the age bracket of the children included in this statistic were from 5 to 14 years of age (1). This figure does not even include the children who might be working on shifts basis for lesser durations in a day. This appalling figure serves to make one realize the severity of this situation. 3. Causes and Solutions of Child Labor According to this publication by International Labor Office Geneva, the presence of child labor is lesser in developed countries as compared to the developing ones since developed countries have been recorded to have 2% of child labor and developing nations possess as much as 30% of child labor. One factor that can explain the extensive differentiation between these figures is poverty. Udry agrees with this factor and stated that many economists believe that poverty is a major aspect that compels the parents to send their children to participate in earning for the household (2). However, the eradication of poverty cannot simple be the solution of child labor; it must be accompanied with the creation of awareness of the hazardous causes of undermining the value of education and development of mental growth of the child. It is often witnessed that uneducated parents do not conside r child labor as any wrong conduct and impose the decision of work upon their children. It seems as a natural process in their lives since their ancestors have been following the same direction since ages. This causes the poor children to grow up to be uneducated and poor adults who cannot break the vicious cycle and earn a better place and respect in the society. Vandenberg stated that the cost of education tends to become a hindrance in its acquisition and ends up making the children resort to child labor as the choice other than education (15). He also provided a useful figure that pointed out that Kenya took a positive step against the eradication of child labor in 2003 and abolished the fees from primary schools (18). This step proved to get 1.5 million children off from the streets and their work and starting acquiring education. Free education is a good approach to reduce child labor but the shortage of earnings in a family may prove to incline the parents to send the childre n in the world to earn again. A good strategy to avoid such relapses of poverty can be to regulate effective implementation of the minimal wages to ensure that every adult is able to afford a comfortable living without depending on his children to participate in making ends meet. The people or organizations that promote and encourage child labor often

Subcortex Diencephalon lesions from the view of the Neurologist and the Neurosurgeon :: Medical Medicine Essays

Subcortex Diencephalon lesions from the view of the Neurologist and the Neurosurgeon The diencephalon, which includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus of the brain will be discussed in this project paper however, the main focus will by on the hypothalamus of the diencephalon structure. To begin a brief review of the functions of the thalamus and hypothalamus, the thalamus is the input center for sensory information and the output center for motor information. The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and the body’s temperature. The hypothalamus also releases hormones and plays a role in sexual responses and behaviors, and our circadian rhythms (Campbell, 1999). The hypothalamus can be affected in many ways from genetics/hormones to injury from a lesion or accident. If a female fetus is exposed to too much testosterone during their critical period the hypothalamus can become masculinized which would lean create masculine behaviors in the female. Those fetuses that are male but are androgen insensitive have femininized hypothalamuses and portray feminine behaviors (Kalat, 2004). Damage such as a lesion to the lateral hypothalamus can cause an individual to refuse food and/or water depending on where the lesion is located. The opposite of true of damage occurs in the medial hypothalamus, the individual will over eat or drink (Kalat, 2004). The Neurologist The neurologist can perform many experiments on the hypothalamus by placing electrodes on the different parts, which simulates what could happen to the individual if this portion of the hypothalamus became injured. Studies have shown that the hypothalamus control functions such as mating, urination and defecation, eating and drinking, temperature regulation (through homeostasis), and circadian rhythms (Farr, 2002). The anterior portion of the hypothalamus is involved in copulation however; the septal region is also involved. When electrical stimulation is directed to this area the individual will experiences sexual emotions and thoughts. A study was done on cats where electrical stimulation on the anterior portion of the hypothalamus was done thus showing that the cat acted as though it was going to urinate or defecate along with the other processes such as hiding/covering the feces (Farr, 2002). One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is in the lateral and ventromedial regions, these areas in the hypothalamus control eating and drinking. If a lesion in the lateral region of the hypothalamus is created experimentally or damage is done to

Definition of Auditing

AUDITING I. Definitions * Auditing, in a general sense, is a systematic and critical evaluation of the financial position, operating systems, and results of operation of an audited entity. * A systematic process of obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested user. The analytical and systematic examination and verification of financial transactions, operation, accounts, and reports of any government agency for the purpose of determining the accuracy, integrity, and authenticity, and satisfying the requirements of law, rules, and regulations. State audit relies on the provisions of law; its authority and limitations are prescribed by law and it is conducted in accordance with law. The 1987 Constitution and related laws set the scope, powers, functions, and jurisdiction of government auditing. Auditing in Public AdministrationState auditing (along with accounting) may be considered as the control and accountability component of fiscal administration cycle. * As a control mechanism, auditing ensures the proper and legal utilization and management of fiscal resources in accordance with sound financial management principles, accounting and auditing standards, and applicable laws and regulations. * As an accountability component, it seeks to ensure that public officials entrusted with functions and resources are made responsible for the performance and results of operation of their office. In the Fiscal administration cycle, auditing also provides inputs to the next phase which is planning. Audit reports contain vital information on the results of operation of agencies and recommendations to improve their performance. Auditing and Accounting Accounting * Accounting is a discipline which provides financial and other information essential to the efficient conduct and evaluation of the activities of an organization. Is concerned with constructing from a mass of transactions entered into by a firm or agency during a certain period, financial statements, results of transactions (in terms of profit and loss), and current financial position, through the interpretation, summarization, and compilation of information. Auditing * Is primarily concerned with analyzing whether or not the financial statements reasonably represent the result of the firm’s operations. II. TYPES OF AUDITING A. Timing Pre-audit – The auditor reviews a transaction (a contract for janitorial services, for example) even before such services are rendered. The auditor also gives his tentative approval for payment of the services by the agency. * Post-audit – The auditor reviews and approves the transaction after the services have been rendered and payment has been made In both cases, the review may consist of the following: * Determining whether all relevant laws, rules and regulations have been observed in the transaction. Physical inspection of supplies or equipment. * Checking whether all necessary documents are submitted and properly accomplished. * Determining whether the required authority or approval has been secured. * Checking mathematical accuracy. B. Organizational Status of Auditor * Internal Audit * The internal auditor undertakes an analytical view of balances disclosed in the financial statements to determine that the information contained in the statements is consistent internally, with budget accounts, and with those of prior years.He may also insist, in an advisory capacity, in adopting basic organizational regulations, preparing rationalization proposals, and recommending measures to improve the structural and procedural systems of the agency. * In small agencies, the internal audit is usually conducted by accounting or controller units * In large organization, it is done by a separate internal audit staff which reports directly to the head of agenc y, the finance office, or corporate board of directors, in the case of corporations. * External Audit * Is performed by auditor external to or independent of the audited organization. In the Philippine state audit context, it is the audit performed by the COA auditors. * In commercial audit, it is conducted by independent certified public accountants on private business organizations primarily to express an opinion on the fairness, consistency, and conformity of financial statements to generally accepted accounting principles, for submission to management, government regulatory agencies, stockholders, and other interested parties. Under the Constitution, external audit by the COA cannot be replaced by internal audit (or any private external audit).While an internal auditor may conduct audit of his agency (or private independent auditors perform external audit), only COA auditor is authorized to conduct government audit. External audit as performed by the COA Includes a comprehensive review of an agency’s internal audit services, as part of its audit function of evaluating of agency internal control systems. C. Audit Scope * Fiscal Audit: Financial and Compliance Fiscal audit is the â€Å"traditional financial audit† in government. It is the combination of financial audit and compliance audits. Financial audit of government transactions is conducted to determine whether: Financial operations are conducted in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, and accounting and auditing standards. * Whether an agency financial statement presents fairly and accurately the financial position of the agency in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The auditor determines whether the agency is maintaining effective control over revenues, expenditures, assets and liabilities, whether financial statements are fairly presented, and if financial reports contain accurate, reliable and useful information.Compliance audit, on the other hand, is an evaluation of the extent to which the agency has complied with pertinent laws, policies, and rules, and regulations in the conduct of its operation. The auditor tests the agency’s financial transactions and specific program, function or activity to determine their legality or regularity. He may for instance; check whether the agency has not violated pertinent law in incurring significant unrecorded liabilities. * Performance Audit: Efficiency, Economy, EffectivenessA performance audit is a constructive examination and evaluation of the financial and operational performance of an organization, program, function or activity with the object of identifying opportunities for grater economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in agency. Economy and efficiency audits determine: * Whether the agency is managing and utilizing its resources (personnel, property, funds) economically and efficiently * The causes of inefficiencies or uneconomical practices * Whether the agency has complied with the laws and regulations concerning matters of efficiency and economyEffectiveness or â€Å"program results† audit determines. * Whether the desired results or benefits established by the legislature or other * Whether the agency has considered alternatives that might lead to desired results at lower cost Special/Other Audits * Subsidy Audit (in the Constitution, PD1445) * Levy Audit (in the Constitution, PD1445) III. THE AUDIT PROCESS A. The Audit Cycle – The state audit cycle consist of seven phases: * Phase I. Preliminary survey of the agency or audited entity The preliminary survey is conducted to acquire a working knowledge of the audited agency and its legal, policy, and administrative environment.The auditor gathers general background information on the agency and its operations after which he defines the scopes of his audit. The auditor may perform the following activities: * Interviews with agency officials to obtain general information * Obtain basic documents on agency activities, objectives, policies, standards, procedure, etc. * Physical inspection of agency facilities, office, etc. Ideally, the survey should provide information on: * Laws, policies, and rules, and regulations applicable to the agency * Brief history and goals or purpose of the agency Agency organization, functions, staff, regional offices, and operating systems * Nature, investments and location of agency assets * General objectives and policies * Operating methods and standards used in measuring or evaluating agency operations and performance * Description of major, existing problems * Copies of internal agency reports, especially internal audit reports * Phase II. Review of Legal and Policy Framework The information gathered from the preliminary survey are reviewed in order to obtain a general knowledge of the legislation and policies applicable to agency objectives, policies, programs, and operating standards. Phases III. Review and Evaluation of In ternal Control System In this phase, the auditor reviews the procedures and practices actually applied by the agency in processing its transactions in order to establish: * The actual means and methods in carrying out operations * Appropriateness and utility of various steps in the processes * The results of operations or transactions relative to agency objectives, legal and policy requirements, and standards * The effectiveness of the internal control system and its various componentsThe review and evaluation of the agency’s internal control system is to: * Identify major critical areas that would warrant more detailed examination * To determine the type of test to be used in the closer examination of such areas later on * Phase IV – In-depth Examination of Problem Areas, Data-gatherings, Analysis, and Evaluation In this phase, the auditor concentrates on audit findings on the problem areas in terms of: * Compliance with or adherence to legal and policy mandate, presc riptions, and requirements; * Goals and objectives-achievement Operational efficiency, economy, and effectiveness in the use of human, material, and financial resources; and * Propriety, accuracy, reliability, and usefulness of financial records and reports, including the effectiveness of control over the latter In-depth examination may involve reviewing agency reports, books, files, records, and such other relevant documents and analyzing, evaluating, verifying and confirming their content through enquiries, inspection, or observation.Where it becomes impossible or impractical to examine all operations and transactions, the auditor conducts reviews and tests on a selective basis, based on his professional judgment and on the adequacy of internal control systems. The auditor develops the factual and documentary evidence to support his audit findings, conclusions, and recommendations. He analyzes the data gathered and determines the causes and effects of the problems, and their signi ficance to agency operations. He also determines whether the agency needs to take corrective action and recommend the appropriate solutions.The auditor must alert agency officials on any deficiencies discovered during audit to enable management to take immediate corrective action. * Phase V. Preparation and Presentation of Draft Report A draft audit report is prepared based on the findings and recommendations formulated in the previous phase. The report is then presented to agency officials for their review and comments. * Phase VI. Finalization of Audit Report After the meeting, the auditor finalizes the audit report.In writing the final report, he has to observe certain principles or standards of report writing. The scope of the audit should be stated clearly and concisely in the report and any limitations should be explicitly mentioned Findings and conclusions should be adequately supported by factual documentary evidence. The recommendations should be clearly identified and shou ld be realistic. Previous audit recommendations which have been unimplemented and the agency’s reason for such should also be noted. * Phase VII. Follow-up on the Implementation of Audit RecommendationsAudit recommendations, such as suggested improvements, proposed adjustments in the accounts, correction or discontinuance of malpractices, solution to existing problems, etc. should be followed-up B. General Objectives, Principles and Standards * General Objectives There are many objectives of state audit and all these relate to the concept of public accountability. Public accountability is central to government audit as it is anchored on the tenet that public officials, as stewards of public office must give a full and public accounting of the manner with which they utilize the powers and expend the resources entrusted to them. Establishing accountability for financial material and human resources of an agency * Establishing accountability for compliance with applicable laws. Policies, rules and regulations * The efficient, economical and effective operations of the agency * Specific Objectives The specific objectives of state auditing also include the following, as enunciated in the Lima Declaration of Guidelines on Auditing Precepts * Proper and effective use of public funds * Development of sound financial management Orderly execution of administrative activities * Communication of information to public authorities and the public through publication of audit reports * Audit Principles and Standards * Audit principles and standards serve to guide the auditor in conducting his audit with integrity, objectivity, independence, and efficiency * Audit standards deal with the quality with which the audit is performed based on the professional and ethical qualifications of the auditor and his exercise of judgment in the course of audit.

The World War II ( Wwii ) - 1581 Words

â€Å"I see nothing, I hear nothing, I say nothing. I was not even there!† Some people remember these words from Sgt. Schultz in the series Hogan’s Heroes, that ran from 1965 till 1971 on TV. Many people, when they hear someone is from Germany or is German, assume that these people are or have relations to the Nazi Regime. But only a few know, that during the World War II (WWII), there were a few German non-violent resistance groups. These groups tried to â€Å"fight† the Nazis from within. Just to mention a few, there was the student circle who called themselves the White Rose, another one was the Kreisau Circle, another group was The Swing Kids. But did these non-violent movement groups had any effects on the outcome of World War II? Most†¦show more content†¦He reported them to the Gestapo, who later picked also Christopher Probst up, and brought them down to the Gestapo station, where they were questioned, incarcerated, swiftly trialed for ‘high treason’ and on February 22nd 1943 executed. â€Å"When the guard came to his (Hans Scholl) cell to take him to the court for sentencing, Hans looked at the prison wall and smiled. He had written the words of Goethe that his father had often repeated: ‘Hold out in defiance of all despotism’.† (Henderson, 2005 p.42) At Professor Huber’s trial, Kurt Huber used the words of Johann Gottlieb Fichte (a German poet 1762-1814) in his defense speech: â€Å"And thou shalt act as if on thee and on thy deed depended the fate of all Germany, and thou alone must answer for it.† The White Rose was maybe not well organized when it came to standing up against the Nazi genocidal policies, but they made their voices to be heard. â€Å"They inspired other student resistance, which included a riot, street march and graffiti, while their movement was reported internationally, inspiring German POWs to write leaflets that were duplicated and airdropped by their Russian captors.† (Branagan, 2014 p.31-38) Another non-violentShow MoreRelatedWwii And The World War II953 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War II involved the vast majority of the world s nations consecutively between the years of 1939 and 1945. WWII altered the political alignment and social structure of the world. WWII began far before the invasion of Poland. Beginning with the Great Depression and the Stock Market Crash together aggressively pushing Germany in despair for economic and political revival. With the defeat of WWI, by The Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to accept responsibility for the war damages, payingRead MoreWorld War II ( Wwii )1312 Words   |  6 Pagescamps† are all words that make you think of World War II (WWII) and these are all closely related to WWII. What about â€Å"Rosie the Riveter†, â€Å"war bonds†, â€Å"the family dynamics†, â€Å"rubber and aluminum drives†? Does it ring any bells? These words are related to WWII also but refer to the home front. Th e absence of many men due to WWII, caused the dynamics of the workforce and of the â€Å"women’s place in the family† changed forever. 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Yet even with all of these momentous achievements, the shadow of WWII still remains. Contemporary Germany has grown in stability and prosperity since World War II largely due to the German PflichtbewuÃŽ ²tseinRead MoreWorld War II ( Wwii )1312 Words   |  6 Pagescamps† are all words that make you think of World War II (WWII) and these are all closely related to WWII. What about â€Å"Rosie the Riveter†, â€Å"war bonds†, â€Å"the family dynamics†, â€Å"rubber and aluminum drives†? Does it ring any bells? These words are related to WWII also but refer to the home front. The absence of many men due to WWII, caused the dynamics of the workforce and of the â€Å"women’s place in the family† changed forever. In the 1930’s and before WWII America was in the (not so) Great DepressionRead MoreThe World War II ( Wwii )1823 Words   |  8 PagesSummary of Evidence World War II (WWII) †¢ â€Å"The Second World War was a necessary consequence of the First World War’s termination in the peace dictates of Versailles and St. Germain.† †¢ â€Å"The outbreak of the war of 1939 was caused directly by the conflict between Poland and Germany over the â€Å"Corridor† and Danzig problems.† †¢ On December 7, 1941 the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and also attacked the Philippines, Wake Island, Guam, Malaya, Thailand, Shanghai and Midway. United States ofRead MoreThe World War II ( Wwii ) Essay1875 Words   |  8 PagesWorld War II (WWII) lasted longer and killed more people than the Great War. There was not a fast victory conquered by bombers hitting the heart of the enemy. Air power’s contribution to the allied victory did not represent the ultimate fulfillment of the predictions of interwar theorists. Even though air power had an important role, and many lessons and doctrines emerged after this period, the visions of Douhet, Mitchell and others did not materialized as they expected. In this paper, I will discussRead MoreDeveloping Countries During World War II ( Wwii )1211 Words   |  5 PagesTrade policy in developing countries obtained major influence from the changing views in economic development, namely, inward looking and outward looking (Moon, 1998). For about 3 decades after World War II (WWII), the trade policy of developing countries relies on inward-looking development. This type of development is implemented through autarky trade policies to protect country’s local manufacture industry. There are so many critics delivered during the inward looking development implementationRead MoreWhy the U.S. got Involved in WWII in Patrick Herdens Book, Roosevelt Confronts Hitler: America’s Entry into World War II699 Words   |  3 PagesPatrick Hearden’s book, Roosevelt Confronts Hitler: America’s Entry into World War II, is offering an explanation as to how and why the United States got itself involved in a second world war. Hearden states, that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and Nazi Germany’s declaration of war hastened United States intervention. These two reasons, however, are not the underlying foundation of why the United States entered the war, according to Hearden’s research. Through a quick examination of the chapterRead MoreWhy Did The Allies Win World War II?1480 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Why did the Allies win World War II? (Roark 854) In this paper we will be discussing the reasons behind why the Allies were able to defeat the Axis powers in World War II. 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